Arduino DAC Multiport

This is an Arduino program to make a 6 bit DAC using an R2R ladder connected to the corresponding pins on the Arduino.

The code is a slight modified version of a previously existing one provided by FIUBA's professors from lecture "Introducción a la Ingeniería Electrónica", and corresponds to the Final Group Project. The modification adds the ability to use pins from different ports instead of all the pins from the same port.

The ports are 8 bits registers that Arduino uses to internally represents the output pins. You can find which pin correspond to which port by looking on any Arduino pinout diagram, being the most common ports PORTB, PORTC and PORTD.

The code uses PORT manipulation since its faster than using builtin function like pinMode(), and thus improving the softness of the recreated wave by the R2R.

The following statements produce the same effect on the arduino output pins and shows the difference in speed of using builtin functions and port manipulation (Taken from this arduino forum question)

pinMode(5, OUTPUT);  // takes 71 clock cycles (~4.430us@16Mhz)
DDRD |= 0b00010000;  // takes  2 clock cycles (~0.125us@16Mhz)
bitSet(PORTD, 5, 1); // takes  2 clock cycles (~0.125us@16Mhz)

Also assigning the new value to the port allow for multiple ports to be updated on a single statement, for example turning on both pin 4 and 5 at the same time can be done with the following statement

DDRD |= 0b00011000;

For more information I suggest reading Arduino Reference on Port Manipulation

   1 # Arduino DAC Multiport
   2 
   3 This is an Arduino program to make a 6 bit DAC using an [R2R
   4 ladder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor_ladder) connected to the
   5 corresponding pins on the Arduino.
   6 
   7 The code is a slight modified version of a previously existing one provided by
   8 [FIUBA](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facultad_de_Ingenier%C3%ADa_(Universidad_de_Buenos_Aires))'s
   9 professors from lecture "Introducción a la Ingeniería Electrónica", and
  10 corresponds to the Final Group Project. The modification adds the ability to use
  11 pins from different ports instead of all the pins from the same port.
  12 
  13 The ports are 8 bits registers that Arduino uses to internally represents the
  14 output pins. You can find which pin correspond to which port by looking on any
  15 Arduino pinout diagram, being the most common ports PORTB, PORTC and PORTD.
  16 
  17 The code uses PORT manipulation since its faster than using builtin function
  18 like pinMode(), and thus improving the softness of the recreated wave by the
  19 R2R.
  20 
  21 The following statements produce the same effect on the arduino output pins and
  22 shows the difference in speed of using builtin functions and port manipulation
  23 (Taken from [this arduino forum
  24 question](https://forum.arduino.cc/t/ddr-vs-pinmode-solved/497927/3))
  25 
  26 ```c
  27 pinMode(5, OUTPUT);  // takes 71 clock cycles (~4.430us@16Mhz)
  28 DDRD |= 0b00010000;  // takes  2 clock cycles (~0.125us@16Mhz)
  29 bitSet(PORTD, 5, 1); // takes  2 clock cycles (~0.125us@16Mhz)
  30 ```
  31 
  32 Also assigning the new value to the port allow for multiple ports to be updated
  33 on a single statement, for example turning on both pin 4 and 5 at the same time
  34 can be done with the following statement
  35 
  36 ```c
  37 DDRD |= 0b00011000;
  38 ```
  39 
  40 For more information I suggest reading [Arduino Reference on Port
  41 Manipulation](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/PortManipulation)

repos/DAC_6bit

Arduino DAC Multiport